College essay writing help
Transition And Topic The Crucible Essay
Wednesday, September 2, 2020
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) - Assignment Example At last, it is finished by indicating the inclusion and action of offices that are liable for law authorization through checking the quantity of captures and utilizing the quality information of police representative (Siegel, 2009). In Uniform Crime information revealing, reports for violations are gotten from organizations answerable for law requirement by means of the country dependent on announcing methods and uniform arrangements. So as to give the most complete viewpoint of wrongdoing in the U.S information is acquired distinctly on offenses that are generally known by cops. A significant perspective on wrongdoing can be seen by analyzing the seven significant Crime Index offenses. These are picked for their reality, probability of a report being made and the recurrence of event: persuasive assault, murder, theft, robbery, irritated attack, engine vehicle burglary and theft robbery. The FBA can get the quantity of wrongdoing offenses from reports of law requirement organizations. The law requirement offices have records of casualty grievances, witness reports and wrongdoing reports found during activities of the office. The reports can be acquired from the contributing law requirement offices on a month to month premise. To guarantee that there is consistency and that nature of the information is kept up for any got information, Uniform Crime Reporting ought to guarantee arrangement of preparing on totally point by point strategies utilized for ordering and scoring offenses (Leonard, 2001). Since it was begun, the uniform Crime Reporting plan has had the option to give a solid, consistent progression of data concerning wrongdoing in the nation. Be that as it may, since Uniform Crime Reporting is a synopsis revealing framework, individuals may not give information concerning singular wrongdoing rates. The synopsis based strategy, despite the fact that it is dependable, has impediments in different viewpoints which can upset accommodation of data from the analyzed populace. These incorporate absence of adequate data with respect to different
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Compare and contrast two different writing styles free essay sample
Diary Four For Journal Four I am going to utilize Katherine O. Seelyes shocking Numbers on Glossy Pages! (Magazines misuse what sells) and Peter Stiglins Seeing as accepting: The Paintings of Judith Belzer. I am going to thoroughly analyze the perspectives and composing styles of these two readings. Katharine discusses the big name magazines and different magazines read by the more youthful ages. Her article includes the impact of these magazines on standard individuals. She discusses how the editors are in steady quest for some new ossip and different stories identified with famous people or something which may be fascinating for the peruser. She likewise utilized statements by various individuals in her article. Diminish Stiglin then again discusses works of art. He talks all the more logically. He began his paper with a statement by John Berger, We just observe what we take a gander at. To look is a demonstration of decision. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigate two diverse composing styles or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He didn't utilize any statements, he rather clarified and depicted the excellence of the artistic creation. Both the articles talk about our advantage. Katherine discusses the charm and publicity the standard individuals are keen on; and Peter discusses the excellence and the story behind the artistic creation wherein a typical individual would be keen on. The style of composing is distinctive in both the articles. Katherine utilizes meetings of various individuals and clarifies their considerations, Peter discusses his conclusion and the manner in which he takes a gander at the artistic creation. Toward the end both the articles are fascinating to peruse, contingent upon the data the peruser is searching for. Investigate two diverse composing styles free article test O. Jellys offensive Numbers on Glossy Pages! (Magazines misuse what sells) and Peter Stalins Seeing as accepting: The Paintings of Judith Belier. I am going to investigate the perspectives and composing styles of these two readings. Katharine discusses the big name magazines and different magazines read by the more youthful ages. Her article includes the impact of these magazines on customary people.She discusses how the editors are in consistent quest for some new tattle and different stories identified with superstars or something which may be intriguing for the peruser. She likewise utilized statements by various individuals in her article. Diminish Stilling then again discusses compositions. He talks all the more thoughtfully. He began his exposition with a statement by John Berger, We just observe what we take a gander at. To look is a demonstration of decision. He didn't utilize any statements, he rather clarified and depicted the excellence of the canvas. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigate two diverse composing styles or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Both the articles talk about our advantage. Katherine discusses the excitement and publicity the customary individuals are keen on; and Peter discusses the magnificence and the story behind the work of art where a typical individual would be Interested In. The style of composing is diverse in both the articles. Katherine utilizes Interviews of various individuals and clarifies their musings, Peter discusses his supposition and the manner in which he takes a gander at the work of art. Toward the end both the articles are Interesting to peruse, contingent upon the Information the peruser Is searching for.
Friday, August 21, 2020
MENTAL HEALTH CHILDREN Professor Ramos Blog
Psychological well-being CHILDREN You return home from a taxing day at work and the main thing that you look forward toâ is seeing that large grin and little arms tossed around you. Anyway when you return home they appear to be saved as though something is on there mind that might be pestering them. However you brush it aside believing that possibly its only a ââ¬Å"Phaseâ⬠or only a child being a child yet that is the place we turn out badly we expect all is well and never make a move. What you might be encountering are the early indications of your youngster managing dysfunctional behavior. In this we will clarify what psychological sickness is in kids , side effects, treatment and what guardians can do on account of their youngster being determined to have it.â Presently the discussion of dysfunctional behaviors is exceptionally new in which a few people despite everything accept that it made up and all in there head . Accordingly they yet to completely get a handle on the comprehension ofâ emotional wellness isn't just in grown-ups however in youngsters too. The full meaning of psychological wellness originating from Mental Health . gov says ââ¬Å"Mental wellbeing incorporates our enthusiastic, mental, and social prosperity. â⬠(Mental Health.gov ).à Just as we deal with our bodies truly by setting off to the specialists, dental specialist and optometrist we frequently ignore the most significant one and that is your emotional well-being. As in grown-ups they can impart what they are feeling and have self acknowledgment that something may not be OK. Besides, that is not the situation with youngsters they dont completely comprehend what is happening and may make some troublesome memories attempting to clarify how they may feel. You cannot accuse the guardians or the kids since we basically dont have a superior comprehension of psychological wellness, particularly in our childhood. So how would we approach making sense of how to all the more likely assistance our youngsters and even ourselves in distinguishing regular qualities and indications that could prompt getting it right off the bat? Well not every single psychological maladjustment are the equivalent and range in a wide range of structures from ADHD, gloom, Bipolar turmoil, etc. Anyway distinguishing the normal indications early we can assist with bringing any warnings up in which can take your kid to a master. Originating from Mayo center it states ââ¬Å"Mood changes, extreme feelings,behavior changes, trouble concentrating and physical symptomsâ⬠(mayo facility). These are the most widely recognized manifestations found and ought to be paid attention to as opposed to brush it away since the majority of these dont have anyâ physical manifestations. Other than calling attention to what has been as of now expressed another approach to bring up anyareas of concern is to converse with them in spite of the fact that they will be unable to completely assembled what they are feeling it assists with making an open domain for the situation your kid came to you with any worries they wont feel humiliated to communicate what they feel. This is regularly in young men since the enormous shame is, is that they shouldn't share their emotions and this could prompt them having quelling sentiments and will be more enthusiastically for them to open up or comprehend this is a difficult issue. Try not to lose trust since now in current medication we can begin to assemble medications so as to help treat the individuals who are determined to have mental illnesses.â Contingent upon how extreme the issue is various types of treatment incorporate doctor prescribed prescription, treatment, and even care groups. One of the most widely recognized would be the drug the specialist gives once they have determined your kid to have the predefined conditions. Tragically there is nobody pill that can assist with fixing all issues yet the prescription is broken into gatherings of energizers and depressants. For instance, in one article it says ââ¬Å" Prozac and sertraline are delegated depressants and Ritalin,adderall are named stimulantsâ⬠(mednet). The counter depressants help kids with sadness and different types of uneasiness by assisting with offsetting there serotonin levels in the mind. Concerning the energizers they ordinarily help with kids who have ADHD by treating it with ritalin you would expect that it would exacerbate it however it has the contrary impact on individuals with ADHD. Another type of treatment is take your kid to treatment and furthermore a therapist to assist them with comprehension whats going on. A particular work force like this can offer various methods for approaching having a condition and offers the youngster a private individual to converse with. In spite of the fact that drug and treatment are incredible types of treatment they are quite expensive for those that are low on salary. So an elective type of treatment is the act of contemplation lindsay cates article getting kids help in time says ââ¬Å"Mindfulness-based subjective treatment is a demonstrated method to check miserable considerations. Applicat ions like Headspace and Happify walk adolescents through unwinding activities and breathing strategies, or can target explicit things like lessening stress and building relationships.â⬠(getting kids help in time). Not exclusively will this cut expenses on costly medicines yet as a parent you and your youngster can both profit by it and furthermore offers an extraordinary chance to bond. As a common articulation that shows thought this is the inclusion of the guardians and what you could do to help at any rate improve the circumstance for your youngster and yourself. Your contribution in your childs life whether it is at school or in the family unit has a significant job in your childs mental state. A case of this originates from an investigation that was in rhode island and the outcome demonstrated ââ¬Å"Among Rhode Island kids, about 1 (19.0%) in 5 had psychological well-being issues, 1 (15.6%) in 6 lived with a profoundly focused on parent, and 33% (32.7%) had guardians with low involvementâ⬠.(Childrens Mental Health and Family Functioning in Rhode Island.) Just by executing a progressively positive condition in the family matched alongside the contribution in the childs life can genuinely affect them in a positive manner. The second type of parental inclusion is engage in your childs tutoring. They invest a greater part of the energy in school with their educator and individual companions thatâ can influence their psychological well-being too. Neil humphery says in his article ââ¬Å"School is an essential formative setting after the family (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), in which socialization of feelings, conduct and connections happens; in this manner, they are plainly more than, ââ¬Ëmerely advantageous destinations for anticipation and interventionââ¬â¢ (Oââ¬â¢Toole, 2017, p.455)â⬠(Are the Kids Alright?). This is the place your youngster will learn and a spot to create who they are basically by building associations with their educators can help give you a knowledge of how they are carrying on at school. All in all we took a gander at the normal warnings indications to pay special mind to , treatment and the means you can take as a parent to help in your childs psychological well-being. Because they may seem, by all accounts, to be alright at face surface we as a whole face inward battles and the manner in which we make a move as guardians can help in the process for your child.â â Works citedâ Cates, Lindsay. ââ¬Å"Getting Kids Help in Time.â⬠Ebscohost, 11 Sept. 2018. Dryden-Edwards, Roxanne. ââ¬Å"Mental Illness in Children: Signs, Types, Causes.â⬠MedicineNet, medicinenet.com/mental_illness_in_children/article.htm. Humphery, Neil. ââ¬Å"Are the Kids Alright? Looking at the Intersection among Education and Mental Health.â⬠Vol. 42, no. 1, 2018, pp. 4ââ¬16. Ebscohost. Hyun, et al, ââ¬Å"Childrens Mental Health and Family Functioning in Rhode Island.â⬠Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Feb. 2007,â pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/Supplement_1/S22.abstract. ââ¬Å"What Is Mental Health?â⬠What Is Mental Health? | MentalHealth.gov, mentalhealth.gov/essentials/what-is-psychological wellness. ââ¬Å"Worried about Changes in Your Childs Mood or Behavior?â⬠Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1 Mar. 2018, mayoclinic.org/sound way of life/childrens-wellbeing/top to bottom/psychological maladjustment in-youngsters/craftsmanship 20046577. Ã
Friday, June 5, 2020
Surveying Essay - 550 Words
Surveying (Essay Sample) Content: SurveyingStudentà ¢Ã¢â ¬s NameInstitutionSurveyingQuestion 1Steel tapeCross-Sectional area of 0.04cm2Weight 1kgLength 30.01MRanges from 0 à ¢Ã¢â ¬ 30M markAt a temperature of 200 C and a tension of 6kgUsed to measure a grade of 5% under a plied tension of 12kgTemperature of tape is 50 C, and a measured slope distance of 380M.Given that K= 1.15*10-5 /0 per m and E=2.1*106 kg/cm2Required to calculate the corrected horizontal distanceSolutionsCorrection of the incorrect length of the table (Corrected length)= Measured length or length to be measuredÃâCorr*Measured length * Nominal length as measured by the mark (Mastin and Kavanagh, 2013).Corrected length= 380 MÃâ(30M-30.01M)380M/30.01M = 379.8734MCorrection due to temperature differencesLength of line= Measured length+ Coefficient of thermal expansion (Tape temperature at the time of measurement-Standardized tape temperature)Length of the tape= 380M+1.15*10-5 /0 per m (5-20)Correction due to slope=379.999827 5 MCorrection due to the tension (Mastin and Kavanagh, 2013).Elongation of the tape due to pull= (Tension applied during measurement-standard tension )* Measured length/(Cross-sectional area*modulus of elasticity)Elongation of the tape due to pull= (12kg*9.81N/kg-6kg*9.81N/kg)*380M/(2.1*106 kg/cm2 * 0.04cm2)= (117.72N-58.86N)*380/84000=0.26627143MCorrected distance= correct distance + Elongation of the tape due to pullCorrected distance= 380-0.26627143M= 379.733728571MCorrection due to slopeFor gentle slopes where slope Ãâ¹ 20%Correction height= h2/2s where h is the vertical height and s is the measured distanceSlope = 5% = 0.05= tan ÃŽHence, ÃŽ= 2.86240Height= 380Msin 2.8624 = 18.976MCorrection factor = 18.9762/2*380=0.4738mCorrected height = measured height à ¢Ã¢â ¬ Correction factor= 380-0.4738= 379.5262MQuestion 2Steel tapeCross Sectional area of 0.008in2 = 0.00005556ft2Weight 10lbsLength 100.1 ftLength of the steel rule 100ftAt temperature of 660 F and a tension of 10l b.Used to measure a grade of 2% under a plied tension of 96lbs.Temperature of tape is 960 F, and a measured slope distance of 300ft.Weight of 0.03lb/ftGiven that K= 1.15*10-5 /0 per m= 1.184754*10-4/Fper ft and E=2.1*106 kg/cm2 = 4.30113*109 lbs/ft2Required to calculate the corrected horizontal distanceSolutionsCorrection of the incorrect length of the table (Corrected length)= Measured length or length to be measuredÃâCorr*Measured length * Nominal length as measured by the mark.Corrected length= 300ftÃâ(100ft-100.01ft)300Mft100.01ft = 299.97ftCorrection due to temperature differencesLength of line= Measured length+ Coeefficient of thermal expansion(Tape temperature at the time of measurement-Standardized tape temperature)Length of the tape= 30...
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Globalization An International Economy And Global Markets
As George Soros, the Chairman of Soros Fund Management said: I think there s a lot of merit in an international economy and global markets, but they re not sufficient because markets don t look after social needs (2000). Globalization allows businesses to grow due to the elimination of stringent trade restrictions and tariffs. Globalization also allows undeveloped nations the opportunity to flourish by creating jobs that were previously unavailable. As Lechner states in his Globalization Debates - Good vs. Bad, those in opposition believe that globalization is dangerous due to the ââ¬Å"...inequities of oppressive global capitalismâ⬠(2000-2001). So, what are the upsides and downsides to globalization? The world has become smaller and is open to everyone in it. Goods move freely across the globe in numbers not previously seen before. Multinational corporations are located throughout the world. According to a poll by American Express, international business travel is taking off like never before. American Express estimated that over 480 million business trips will be taken in 2016 (American Express, 2014). The top 10 international destinations include Mexico City and Sao Paulo, two nations that have become key players in global production. This increase in business travel has a ripple effect. The airline industry is gaining revenue as business people must travel to international destinations. The tourism industry is gaining revenue as business travelers require hotelShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words à |à 7 Pages............3 What is Globalization....................................................4 The engines for Globalizationsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦5 Globalizationââ¬â¢s impacts on international businessâ⬠¦..7 The road ahead for international businessâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦9 Summaryâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..11 Referenceâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about itâ⬠¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a differentRead MoreGlobalization And Globalization1050 Words à |à 5 PagesJane Ogagan International Political Science for Public Health Practitioners Seminar Course: 221.614.01 CLASS PAPER Topic Choice 18: ââ¬Å"On balance, globalization expands rather than contracts opportunities for economic prosperity around the world.â⬠Why do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please support your answer with appropriate examples. Globalization has impacted almost every part of the modern world; it can be characterized by economic, political, and cultural integration. EconomicRead MoreDomestic And Foreign Economic Policy1646 Words à |à 7 Pageseach other effects not only their domestic economy but the global economy. What is the best method for states to approach the global market; should states accept the capitalist free market or utilize different models that are out there? Purpose Statement: The way that states approach the global market is very different from each other. Most of the biggest and successful economies in the world utilize similar economic models when addressing the global market. Their domestic and foreign economic policyRead MoreThe Importance Of Economic Globalization704 Words à |à 3 Pagesrational use. No matter how high the efficiency of a countrys economy is running, it must continue to be limited by its own resources and markets. Only by integrating global resources and markets can a countrys economy get rid of the shackles of resources and markets to the maximum extent under the current conditions. Economic globalization can bring about the most advantageous conditions for production, sell in the most favorable market, achieve the optimal monetary development in the world, improveRead MoreGlobalization and International Finance, Questions and Answer1533 Words à |à 7 Pagesyour topic selection. Globalization is defined as moving towards a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining; distance is shrinking due to new advance in transportation and telecommunications technology, material culture is starting to look similar the world over; national economies are merging into an interdependent, integrated global economic system (Hill). The word itself. ââ¬Å"globalizeâ⬠, appeared in the 1960s meaning to ââ¬Å"make global in scope or applicationâ⬠Read MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words à |à 6 Pages Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, andRead MoreDrivers and Consequences of Globalization Essay examples1106 Words à |à 5 Pagesdrivers of globalization and how these drivers impact organizations, describe the risks associated with global investing and explain the importance of cultural sensitivity and ethics in global finance. Global Finance Environment Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of economies, markets, and people across nations. Increasing globalization creates additional competition from around the world, which then affects both local jobs and company profits. Globalization also hasRead MoreThe Three Areas of Globalization954 Words à |à 4 Pages According to Thomas Friedman, ââ¬Å"In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.â⬠It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Globalization is a notion of the growing interconnectednessRead MoreInternational Political Market Values And Subsequent Free Trade Agreements869 Words à |à 4 PagesIn relations, international liberal market values and subsequent free trade agreements are at the forefront of economic globalization. As the global markets and economic competition intensifies, nations move towards trade l iberalization. International trade agreements by extension of economic globalization are more often prioritized before environmental agreements. In fact it is evident that environmental policy is rarely prioritized over economic growth. The neo-liberal market ideals have encouragedRead MoreHow Globalization Affects Developing Countries?1504 Words à |à 7 PagesHow Globalization Affects Developed Countries The phenomenon of globalization began in a primitive form when humans first settled into different areas of the world; however, it has shown a rather steady and rapid progress in the recent times and has become an international dynamic which, due to technological advancements, has increased in speed and scale, so that countries in all five continents have been affected and engaged. What Is Globalization? Globalization is defined as a process which, based
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Compare And Contrast Heathcliff And Byronic Heroine
ââ¬Å"Heââ¬â¢s more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the sameâ⬠(Bronte 81), cries Catherine Earnshaw after her acceptance of Edgar Lintonââ¬â¢s marriage proposal. Heathcliff is more Cathrine than she herself is. Heathcliff is a Byronic Hero in Emily Bronteââ¬â¢s Wuthering Heights. Because Heathcliff and Catherine are of the same soul, Catherine is also a Byronic heroine. Heathcliff is more Cathrine than Catherine herself, and therefore more Byronic hero than she is heroine. Bronteââ¬â¢s use of both a Byronic hero and heroine allowed her to criticize a largely male audiencesââ¬â¢ dismissal of works by female authors. A Byronic hero is a character commonly found in literature of the Romantic period. Byronic heros dance the fine lineâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Her decision to marry Edgar leads to the breakdown of her relationship with her true love, Heathcliff and eventually her death. Catherines wish to live a lifestyle that will be envied stems from her arrogance. Arrogance which develops due to her unique understanding of the world. Catherine displays this unique understanding in a conversation with Nelly about her dreams: ââ¬Å"heaven did not seem to be my home; and broke my heart with weeping to come back to earthâ⬠(Bronte 81). Despite the fact that she immersed in relgion both in her studies and because she is often subjected to the ravings of Joseph, Catherine does not wish to go to heaven like most people of her era, or any era for that matter. Her ability question that which is often seen as unquestionable shows her astounding intellectual ability. Heathcliff, like Catherine marries in order to satisfy his craving for power: ââ¬Å"he says he has married me on purpose to obtain power over himâ⬠(Bronte 151). Heathcliffââ¬â¢s admission to Isabella that their marriage is a power grab displays Heathcliffââ¬â¢s hunger for power. A hunger that is sparked by his self-consciousness. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s abnormal appearance and its association with people who are lesser than the status he was brought up as for the first part of his life make Heathcliff self-conscious: ââ¬Å"I wish I had light hair and a fair skin, and was dressed, and behaved
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Nursing International Normalised Ratio
Question: Discuss about the Nursing for International Normalised Ratio. Answer: Introduction: An 86 year old man was admitted for surgery of fractured neck of the femur. Due to an elevated level of international normalised ratio (INR) up to 1.6, the patient needed a unit of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). The medical officer (MO) took group O FFP instead of group A and gave it to the nurse. The nurse on duty and the patient service attendant (PSA) did not check the paperwork for FFP unit and administered the wrong FFP of group O. As a result, the transfusion was incompatible. Plasma of group O contains both A and B antibodies and is therefore potentially incompatible for group A and group B (Puetz, 2013). The nursing and medical staff were under the impression that group O was the universal group both for FFP and red blood cells. But due to the presence of both A and B antibodies plasma from group O is incompatible for group A and group B patients. In this case study, incorrect FFP was administered to the patient, but the error was detected soon and immediate treatments were conducted. As a consequence of this incompatible transfusion, the patient experienced a mild rise in bilirubin. His surgery procedure was postponed as a safety measure to observe him for additional outcomes of the incorrect transfusion therapy. There are several cases of group O plasma and platelet transfusion to patients with other blood groups. Some of these cases showed delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction, complicated recovery, even morbidity (Zimring Spitalnik, 2015). Transfusion of plasma, platelets and blood can save a life. An error in transfusion process, at the same time, may take life. As described by Pandey and Vyas (2015), incompatible transfused blood cells react with the anti-A or anti-B antibodies of patients which can lead to complement activation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). There is about one in three of ABO incompatibility and ten percent mortality rate with severe reactions observed among group O individuals received group A red blood cells (Bersus et al., 2013). Being a nurse, I believe that we have the last opportunity to prevent transfusion errors. Most transfusion errors result from human mistakes and therefore, can be preventable. Transfusion errors, resulting in the patients getting the inappropriate blood components, remains the leading risk associated with transfusion. I chose this case because I think a nurse can increase compliance in high-risk cases of the transfusion and decrease the potential for mistakes by evolving accessible blood transfusion policies, auditable action standards and preparation, and learning initiatives. Understanding and awareness about pathophysiology of transfusion reactions, symptoms and treatment methods are vital for safe administration and observation of transfusions (Stout Joseph, 2016). This case study is significant because I want to enhance my professional skills and prevent every chance of transfusion errors. I also want to raise awareness among nurses and medical staff about incorrect transfusion to reduce similar incidents (Hijji et al., 2013) and this case study can help me to accomplish my purposes for improved patient care. The incident was a result of mistakes done by multiple health care staff. The first mistake was committed by the MO who went to the laboratory to collect a unit of FFP. The laboratory scientist showed him the location of FFP and told the MO to take it after signing the blood register. But the FFP collected by the MO was not labelled and was allocated for another patient which was group O FFP. Here is also a mistake of laboratory scientist who did not label the allocated FFP. The MO took the FFP without product details and patients details in the blood register. The MO gave the FFP to the charged nurse of the patient. The nurse was unaware of the transfusion process but noted the lack of paperwork and sent the PSA with the FFP unit again to the laboratory to collect the required paperwork. When the PSA returned, told the nurse there was no paperwork for this unit of FFP and checking was not required. But the laboratory staff stated that they never talked to that PSA regarding the FFP. The nurses believed the PSA and thought that group O is the universal group for FFP and administered the wrong FFP of group O to the 86-year-old man who needed group A. The patient suffered a mild rise in bilirubin due to incompatible transfusion and his surgery was delayed. The whole incident was a result of lack of concern, attentiveness and communication among the medical staff members. My first priority is to never do or let incorrect transfusion of blood or blood components happen. If yet similar clinical condition occurs I will do every possible intervention to recover and restore the patient's health. Monitoring the signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction like fever, low back pain, headache, and haemoglobinuria are vital. Clinical signs of delayed haemolytic reactions are mild jaundice, fever, fall in haemoglobin etc. and febrile non-haemolytic reactions include the rise in body temperature, headaches, chills, anxiety and flushing (Crookston et al., 2015). On detection of any of the signs, I will stop the transfusion immediately and will notify the doctors. Initializing IV line for saline (0.9% NaCl) is important. Then I will collect urine sample as soon as possible to determine the presence of haemoglobin due to red blood cell haemolysis (Crookston et al., 2015 and Yahalom Zelig, 2015). Being the nurse in-charge, I should stay with the patient for observing other signs and symptoms and determination of vital signs in every five minutes interval. The patient should be placed in Fowler's position if shortness of breath is observed and immediate administering oxygen therapy is essential. After notifying the physician I must administer emergency drugs like vasopressor, antihistamines, steroids and fluids as per protocol doctors instruction. Then I need to evaluate conditions like the patient is reporting any discomfort, patient is maintaining normal breathing pattern, the patients are maintaining good fluid balance, the patient is demonstrating satisfactory cardiac output etc. (Crookston et al., 2015). References Bersus, O., Boman, K., Nessen, S. C., Westerberg, L. A. (2013). Risks of hemolysis due to anti-A and anti-B caused by the transfusion of blood or blood components containing ABO-incompatible plasma.Transfusion, 53(S1), 114S-123S. Crookston, K. P., Koenig, S. C., Reyes, M. D. (2015). Transfusion reaction identification and management at the bedside.Journal of Infusion Nursing, 38(2), 104-113. Hijji, B., Parahoo, K., Hussein, M. M., Barr, O. (2013). Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses.Journal of clinical nursing,22(17-18), 2536-2550. Pandey, S., Vyas, G. N. (2012). Adverse effects of plasma transfusion. Transfusion,52(s1), 65S-79S. Puetz, J. (2013). Fresh frozen plasma: the most commonly prescribed hemostatic agent.Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis,11(10), 1794-1799. Stout, L., Joseph, S. (2016). Blood transfusion: patient identification and empowerment.British Journal of Nursing,25(3), 138-143. Yahalom, V., Zelig, O. (2015). Handling a transfusion haemolytic reaction. ISBT Science Series,10(S1), 12-19. Zimring, J. C., Spitalnik, S. L. (2015). Pathobiology of transfusion reactions.Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease,10, 83-110.
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